also spelled Muḥammad ʿAlī Rajāʾī Iranian politician who was prime minister of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 1980 to 1981.
Born into poverty, Rajaʾi enlisted in the Iranian Air Force at age 16 and later earned a teacher's diploma from Tehrān's Teachers' College. In 1960 he joined the Iranian Liberation Movement and was arrested three times by the government of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi for his political activities. He became a member of the Central Committee of the Association of Islamic Teachers, and following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, he headed the Ministry of Education.
Noted for his persistence and determination, Rajaʾi became a leading member of the clergy-dominated Islamic Republican Party (IRP), a major supporter of the revolution's leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. In August 1980, the Majles (parliament) elected Rajaʾi the Islamic Republic's second prime minister, a post that had been vacant for some nine months following the resignation of Mehdi Bazargan—the three candidates previously proposed by President Abolhasan Bani-Sadr having been rejected by the IRP. Bani-Sadr did not think Rajaʾi suitable for the office. The two men soon came into conflict over Rajaʾi's choice of cabinet, and only two-thirds of his original nominees were approved by the Majles in September.
After Bani-Sadr was dismissed from office in June 1981, Rajaʾi assumed the presidency and Mohammad Javad Bahonar became prime minister. The increasing dominance of the IRP sparked violent opposition to the regime, and on August 30, 1981, Rajaʾi, Bahonar, and a number of other IRP and government officials were killed in a bomb blast allegedly set by the Mojāhedīn-e Khalq (Persian: “People's Fighters”), an organization with both Marxist and religious leanings that opposed Khomeini's regime.
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