Indian politician and diplomat, who was the president of India from 1997 to 2002. He was the first member of the country's lowest social caste, the group traditionally considered to be untouchable, to occupy the office.
Despite his family's poverty and social status, Narayanan's intellect won him a government-sponsored scholarship. After graduating from the University of Travancore (now the University of Kerala), he worked as a journalist for the Hindu (1944–45) and the Times of India (1945). He soon won another scholarship and left India to attend the London School of Economics, where he received top academic honours. While in England Narayanan also served as a foreign correspondent for Social Welfare Weekly.
Narayanan returned to India in 1948 and soon after entered the foreign service, despite opposition from upper-caste officials. During a long and distinguished career as a diplomat (1949–83), he held posts in numerous countries but was especially effective while serving in China (1976–78), where he helped mend relations following a 15-year rift. He was also ambassador to the United States (1980–83) at a time of strained relations between the two countries. In 1979 Narayanan was named vice-chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University. An intellectual and a scholar, Narayanan was the author or coauthor of several works on Indian politics and international relations, notably India and America: Essays in Understanding (1984) and Non-Alignment in Contemporary International Relations (1981).
In 1984 Narayanan became active in politics. He served in parliament as a cabinet minister and in 1992 was named vice president, a post he held for five years. In 1997 he was elected president of India, winning 95 percent of the votes of mainly upper-caste lawmakers. Once in office, Narayanan expanded the role of the presidency, which had been largely ceremonial. He also sought to end violence and corruption and improve international relations. He left office in 2002, succeeded by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.
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