Lange, David

born August 4, 1942, Otahuhu, New Zealand

died August 13, 2005, Auckland

in full David Russell Lange New Zealand lawyer and politician, who was prime minister of New Zealand (1984–89).

Strongly influenced by his father, a physician noted for his socialist views, Lange grew up in a working-class suburb of Auckland. After receiving a law degree from the University of Auckland, he chose to provide low-cost legal aid to the poor rather than pursue a more lucrative practice. At age 25 he moved to London for a year, during which time he was greatly influenced by the preaching of a Methodist minister in a mission for the poor. After returning to Auckland, Lange continued to practice law and in 1977 was elected to the New Zealand Parliament after having lost his first bid to win a seat in 1976. He quickly earned a reputation as an outstanding orator and was chosen leader of the opposition Labour Party in 1983. With the party's sweeping victory in 1984, he became the country's youngest prime minister in the 20th century.

As prime minister, Lange took various measures to deal with the economic problems he had inherited from the previous government. He introduced a number of controversial measures, most notably free-market reforms, that dramatically transformed the country's economy. His administration also fulfilled its campaign promise to deny New Zealand's port facilities to nuclear-armed and nuclear-powered vessels in the hope of securing a “nuclear-free” Pacific. The ban primarily affected U.S. warships, and Lange was chided by the U.S. government for his unwillingness to cooperate with the Western global nuclear strategy. His policy effectively terminated the Australia–New Zealand–U.S. defense alliance (ANZUS Pact). Lange was also forthright in confronting France after that nation's agents blew up a ship belonging to the environmentalist group Greenpeace in Auckland Harbour shortly before the ship was to set off to protest a planned French nuclear test in the South Pacific. He pressed for an apology and reparations from France for the sinking of the vessel. The Labour Party won the national election of August 1987, and Lange continued as prime minister until 1989, when he resigned from office because of ill health. He remained in Parliament until 1996. In 2003 Lange was made a member of the Order of New Zealand, the country's highest honour.