politician, prime minister of Japan from December 1974 to December 1976.
The son of a Shikoku landowner, Miki attended Meiji University in Tokyo, as well as American universities, earned a law degree in 1937, and was elected to the Diet a few months later. He publicly opposed the war against the United States, and thus his political career, unlike those of many others, was not interrupted or destroyed by the postwar American occupation. At various times of his life he occupied 10 Cabinet posts, including the Ministry of International Trade and Industry and the Foreign Ministry (1966–68).
In the general election of July 1974 the Liberal-Democratic Party (LDP), which had governed Japan since 1955, suffered a severe setback, losing many seats in the Diet (though retaining their majority). Miki, then deputy prime minister, resigned from the Cabinet in protest at the heavily financed electoral campaign directed by Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei and at rumours about Tanaka's alleged financial irregularities. In retrospect this was seen as the first of a chain of events that led to the resignation of Tanaka in the following December. The Liberal-Democrats, ridden by financial scandal and deeply divided, elected the irreproachable Miki as a compromise candidate to succeed Tanaka in the LDP presidency and the prime ministry.
As prime minister Miki planned to reform the LDP, and he pushed the government inquiry into the developing scandal over Tanaka's acceptance of large bribes paid to him by high executives of the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. But despite these efforts, Tanaka's indictment in August 1976 deeply hurt the LDP at the polls; in the general election of December 1976, the Liberal-Democrats won only 249 of the 511 seats in the Diet. Miki, accepting responsibility for the decline in the party's power, resigned.
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